Significant Developments in Criminal Justice History

Significant Developments in Criminal Justice HistorySignificant Developments in Criminal Justice HistoryAs ingrained as we might think the concepts of crime and punishment are in our society, the concepts of what crime is and how we respond to it have evolved significantly over the centuries. Some of the more interesting events in the history of criminology, criminal justice, and forensic science have occurred in civilizations across the globe, creating this timeline. The B.C. Years Blood feuds were rampant from8000 to about 4000 B.C. Farming communities developed in the Middle East, bringing groups of people closer together. This created land disputes and the increased potential for crimes to occur. Sumeria grew into the first known civilization in3500 B.C., establishing the first city-states and governments to help settle disputes. The rise of the Roman Republic began in 509 B.C. The Roman military served as the primary law enforcers until about 500 A.D. Their presence in thest reetsof cities and villages became an effective crime prevention strategy. From 428 through 347 B.C.,Greek philosopher Plato, a student of Socrates, introduced the concept that humans are inherently good. Thiswould lay the groundwork for future Christian theology, and it would still influence views of crime and punishment centuries later. Aristotle, a student of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great, greatly expounded on the study of science and scientific observation from 384 through 327 B.C, whichwould later influence forensics and crime investigations. Julius Caesar welches assassinated in 44 B.C. and became the subject of the first recorded autopsy. The 1st Century Pedanius Dioscorides, a Greek physician, living in Rome, categorized various plants, their medicinal effects, and symptoms of poisoning from 50 to 70 A.D. His work,De Materia Medica, is considered to be the foundation of forensic toxicology. Roman orator Quintilian usedknown science to prove that bloody handprint s did notlage belong to accused murderer. The decline of the Roman Empire led to destabilization in the western world and a return to thekin policingconcept and blood feuds when families and neighbors policed themselves. Clans were seen as responsible for their members and took matters of crime and punishment into their own hands. The 11th Century The Frankenpledge concept of policing introduced in 1035.All males over the age of 12 were formed into groups of 10 with their neighbors. They took an oath to capture and detain members of their clans who committed crimes under the supervision of a constable. Constables in the shire were under the supervision of the Shire Reeve who was appointed by the Crown. The 13th Century A Chinese physician published Hsi Duan Yu, The Washing Away of Wrongs, in 1248. Its the earliest known work on pathology and death investigations Saint Thomas Aquinas composed his best-known work, the Summa Theologica,from 1265 to 1274. He presented the notion of the Natural Law, building on Platos philosophy. He suggested that crime was an insult to God and that it damaged not only the victim but the criminal as well because people are inherently good. The 14th Century The Renaissance period began to influence attitudes toward government, crime, and punishment. Justices of the peace were appointed by the King to provide support to constables and Shire Reeves. Justices could issue warrants and hold arraignment hearings, and they could try cases that involved minor crimes. The parish constable system and the hue and cry developed. Males were appointed to serve as constables in a town for one year. When a constable called for aid, all men of the town would immediately respond. The call for aid would carry from town to town until a criminal was caught or the emergency ceased. The 16th Century The scientific method was introduced as a tool for investigating crimes. It prompted new means of gathering and examining the evidence. Variou s western philosophers began to discuss the idea of the social contract in which the purpose and role of the government and the responsibilities of the people and the sovereign were explained. People ceded their authority to the sovereign in exchange for safety, security, and prosperity. This thinking influenced a more secular view of crime during the Enlightenment. The 18th Century Using scientific means to collect and compare evidence became widely accepted. Italian lawyer and philosopher Cesare Beccaria publishedhisbest-known work, On Crimes and Punishments, in 1764.It called for a fixedscale inwhichthe severity of punishment would increase with theseverityof the crime. The 19th Century Metropolitan Police services were established in London in 1829, marking the first true full-time, uniformed, and professional police force. Sir Robert Peels 9 Principles of Policing were issued to every officer on the force. Belgian statistician Adolphe Quetelet looked at national crime s tatistics from France in 1827 and identified correlations between crime and demographics, including age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status. PsychiatristandcriminologistCesare Lombroso founded the Positivist School of Criminology and suggested psychological and biological links to criminal behavior between 1858 and 1909. George Eastmans revolutionary Kodak camera became widely available in 1888 and could be used to photograph and document crime scenes. Sir Arthur Conan Doyles Sherlock Holmes employedscience and reason to solve crime and popularized the concept of forensics beginning in 1886. In 1880, Henry Faulds and William Herschel published a study in nature demonstrating that fingerprints were unique to individuals. The 20th Century A method for using hydrogen peroxide to detect traces of blood through oxidation was discovered in 1901. Dr. Edmond Locard, the father of crime scene investigation, established the first real crime lab in two attic rooms at the Lyon, Fra nce police department in 1910. Dr. Locard publishedhis now-famous Locards Exchange Principle in 1934, presenting his belief that everything leaves a trace and thus there is always evidence to be found. Digital and computer forensicswere first developed by the FBIin 1984 to examine computer evidence. DNA evidencewas used in a criminal court for the first time in 1987. Tommie Lee Andrews becamethe first person to be convicted as a result of DNA. Criminal Justice History Moves On We continue to grow and evolve in how we understand and respond to crime. Our ideas of how to better prevent crime and how to increasepublic trustin the police will remain at the forefront of the noble professions found within criminology and criminal justice. They should continue to provide exciting and rewarding career opportunities for years to come.

4 strategies to help make the most of your time

4 strategies to help make the most of your time4 strategies to help make the most of your timeHow can I make the most of my time?We all wish we had more time. As the CEO/CTO of a growing blockchain company - RedPen - I feel this constantly.Not everyone treats their time the same way. Some people are conscious of time, while others are bedrngnis. Some people recognize time as a finite resource - as something well eventually groe nachfrage out of, no matter who we are or what we do - and they value it accordingly. Deciding how to use your time means constantly weighing the perpetual opportunity costs and always wanting to trade time for something of value.Others dont.The truth is, time wasted is time you can never get back. For me, this is extremely motivating. It drives me to make the most out of every minute I have on earth - to be the best partie and creative professional I can be - because one day, I know Im going to run out of those minutes, and I wont be able to get them ba ck.But making the most of your time can be challenging.Here are four strategies that will help.1 Schedule your days strategicallyIn general, I try and purposefully utilize every hour that Im awake.This requires being protective of my time. Its one reason I dont let an assistant manage my calendar. By deciding how I want to utilize my hours each day, I make myself more effective and more motivated. I prioritize what I best understand and identify as a priority. It amounts to being accountable to myself on how I determine where to spend my time.Of course, this isnt always easy. There are varying outside forces competing for my time all day. This is true for most people. But what motivates me is the awareness nagging at the back of my head that if I dont spend my time as purposefully as possible - if I dont treat my time like it truly matters - Ill be letting myself down.Scheduling my days strategically helps prevent that from happening.2 Reach for the stars, and even if you fail, yo ure still in the skyA key component of making the most of your time is motivation you have to be self-aware and driven to do it.For this reason, the things you spend your days doing have to be intrinsically motivating - pursuits in service of a larger mission or dream.Such pursuits arent easy, though. They often entail taking risks, and they demand a certain discipline. You need to be able to tune out distractions. Having that discipline is, in essence, remembering what you want.When you reach for the stars and attempt something so wildly challenging, even if you come up short, you are still in the sky. What this means is, you landed in a place where you have learned a lot, attempted more than you would have had you not challenged yourself, and you feel a sense of defying your norm. In taking this leap and making the most of your day - every day - you have to expand out of your own comfort zone to overcome fear, anxiety, and doubt. Recognizing you want to grow usually positions y ou in a place of vulnerability.And that, of course, is hard. In fact, one reason many people end up not making the most of their time is theyre unable to overcome the fear of risk or failure.But whats also true is this every person has it in them to overcome fear and doubt, which means every person has it in them to maximize their efficiency. Its a matter of persistence, bravery, and faith.3 Never stopYes, overcoming fear of failure and risk is critical. But what happens if you do fail?This is another thing that separates those who truly make the most of their time from those who dont when they fail, they keep going. They never stop. They make the most of every moment they have.Now is really the only time you have. The past is in your memory, and the future is in your imagination. Its pivotal to reflect and mandatory to dream, but living today with all you have and never stopping allows you to capitalize on now.Look, there are a million reasons why you might not be able to accomplis h whatever it is that you have set out to accomplish. But if you persevere through those setbacks - if you pick yourself up when you fall - youll prove yourself unaffected by them.The key, whatever youre aiming to do day over day, is to not quit. Dont succumb to the tide of rejection or perceived failure, and dont let yourself become distracted. Show discipline, and be proud.For the record, this shouldnt be entirely difficult - at least if youre passionate about what youre doing. If you truly care about what youre creating, or the family youre raising, or the mission of the company youre working for, youll feel an aversion to apathy and distraction from within. And that aversion will help drive you.When you ask yourself, why dont I stop? Thats what will answer your passion.4 Take the time to celebrate your wins and reflect on your journeyOf course, for as much as I say making the most of your time is easy (so long as youre passionate about what youre doing), it can still be tirin g. Thats why Ive found it critical to celebrate my wins when they come and appreciate the journey if they do not.People who work hard and accomplish a lot dont do this enough. Personally, Im very critical of myself. From my work in the White House to building RedPen, I do not consistently recognize my own accomplishments but have benefited from reflecting and using that for inspiration to improve.This also has the effect of preserving my time. Each moment you celebrate becomes immortalized in your mind. They become memories that you can go back and revisit whenever youre feeling down.At the end of the day, making the most of your time is a matter of motivation, diligence, bravery, and passion. Its about finding what you love in life and using your time to do that thing as well as you can. Because thats the best way to spend your time - purposefully, in service of something inspiring. And now is your time.RJ is the CEO, CTO, and Co-Founder of RedPen, a breakthrough social nachrichte n and storytelling platform powered by blockchain and AI. To learn more, visit meetredpen.com or follow on Twitter at meetredpen.This post first appeared on Quora.

Web Developer Job Description Sample

Web Developer Job Description SampleWeb Developer Job Description SampleWeb Developer Job Description SampleThis web developer sample job description can assist in your creating a job application that will attract job candidates who are qualified for the job. Feel free to revise this job description to meet your specific job duties and job requirements.Web Developer Job ResponsibilitiesThe role is responsible for designing, coding and modifying websites, from layout to function and according to a clients specifications. Strive to create visually appealing sites that feature user-friendly design and clear navigation.Web Developer Job DutiesRegular exposure to business stakeholders and executive management, as well as the authority and scope to apply your expertise to many interesting technical problems.Candidate must have a strong understanding of UI, cross-browser compatibility, general web functions and standards.The position requires constant communication with colleagues.Experienc e in planning and delivering software platforms used across multiple products and organizational units.Deep expertise and hands on experience with Web Applications and programming languages such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JQuery and APIs.Deep functional knowledge or hands on design experience with Web Services (REST, SOAP, etc ..) is needed to be successful in this position.Strong grasp of security principles and how they apply to E-Commerce applications.Web Developer Skills and QualificationsJavaScript, JQuery, HTML, HTML5, CSS, CSS3, Web Programming Skills, E-Commerce, Teamwork, Verbal Communication, cross-browser compatibility, Web anwender Interface Design (UI), Security Principles, Object-Oriented Design, Web Services (REST/SOAP), Multimedia Content Development, APIsEmployers Post a job in minutes to reach candidates everywhere.Job Seekers Search jobs and apply on now.Learn more about how to hireManaging Stress at Work Retrain your Brain To Hire the Best, Professionalize your In terviewing The Key to Self-Motivation and Employee Motivation

Learn to Take Proper Measurements for Modeling Stats

Learn to Take Proper Measurements for Modeling StatsLearn to Take Proper Measurements for Modeling StatsThere is always a lot of talk in the media about models and their weight. But, for fashion models and the agencies that represent them, it has never been about weight, it s a models measurements or stats that matter most. If you are already represented by an agency, the agents there will make sure the stats on your promotional material are accurate. But, if you are just starting out and are looking for a modeling agency to represent you, it is essential that the stats you give to prospective agencies are accurate. Why You Need Accurate Measurements Its not uncommon for new models to feel uncomfortable or even self-conscious when taking their measurements. But, as tempting as it is to forgo the process altogether, you should never neglect to include your stats when submitting your photos to agencies or scouts. Top international modeling agencies and scouts view thousands of phot os every day and they are looking for complete submissions. Plus, they dont have the time to chase down models for additional information. If you guesstimate your measurements or dont measure correctly, you might show up for a booking only to be sent home because the clothes dont fit. Thats unprofessional and a big waste of time for everyone involved (including yourself). Its worth noting that its often easier and more accurate to have another part take your measurements for you. Also, when measuring, make sure the measuring tape is flat against your body. And, make sure youre standing relaxed with your arms at your sides and that youre wearing tight-fitting underwear. Required Measurements for Female Models Height.In bare feet, stand tall and straight with your back against a wall. Have someone run a ruler or something that can be placed on the tallest part of your head straight back to the wall. Mark the wall where the ruler touches. Measure the distance from the floor to the fruchtfleisch on the wall.Bust.Many aspiring models arent always aware that, in modeling, your bust size is not your bra size. Its actually the fullest part of your bust. First, place the tape measure around the fullest part of your bust, at nipple level. Make sure the tape is in gleichem abstand nebeneinander to the floor. Then, holding the tape measure, take a full breath in and out to allow the tape to slide to a comfortable, yet snug, position. This number is your modeling bust size. Waist.Just like your bust measurement, your waist measurement may be a little different from what youre used to. Its not your jeans size. A true waist measurement needs to be taken at the smallest part of your waist. This could be at your belly buttonor even a few inches above it. Hold the tape measure snugly, but not too tightly, to find your natural waistline.Hips.Many models incorrectly measure around their hipbones, resulting in a much smaller hip measurement. Instead, standing with your feet to gether, measure around the fullest part of your hips and bum. This is the hip measurement agencies are looking for. Required Measurements forMaleModels Height.In bare feet, stand tall and straight with your back against a wall. Have someone run a ruler or something that can beplaced on the tallest part of your head straight back to the wall. Mark the wall where the ruler touches.Measure the distance from the floor to the mark on the wall.Neck.Place the tape measure around your lower neck, just below your Adams apple. Tighten the tape, then loosen it off a bit by slipping two fingers between the tape and your neck. Round up to the next half-inch. Chest.Wrap the tape measure under your armpits, around the fullest part of your chest. Make sure the tape is snug, but not so tight that you cant breathe normally. Thats your chest measurement.Waist. A true waist measurement needs to be taken at the smallest part of your waist. This could be at your belly buttonor even a few inches abov e it. Hold the tape snugly, but not too tightly, to find your natural waistline- thats your true measurement.Sleeve.First, place your hand on your hip. Then, starting the tape measure at the center point where your neck meets your shoulders, measure down along your arm and to your wrist. Stop measuring right where the wrist meets the palm of your hand. Jacket size.You may have seen jacket sizes written as 40 Regular or 38 Long. The number refers to your chest size, and the Regular or Long refers to the length of the jacket. In general, your height determines the length youll need. Regular sizes are for men roughly between 58 and 511 and Long sizes are for men over 6 feet.

The Undeniable Reality About Ms Word Resume Templates That No One Is Telling You

The Undeniable Reality About Ms Word Resume Templates That No One Is Telling You Choosing Ms Word Resume Templates Is Simple After you add your private stamp to it through imputing your distinctive abilities, professional experiences, and ja genauing, it is going to stand from the crowd for all of the perfect factors. Theres no doubt that a resume which is both cohesive and professional will have a much better likelihood of standing from the crowd even supposing its made utilizing a template. You also receive a feeling of what information you dont have to include. So, all the advice on the best way to compose a resume still stands. Your resumes have to be simple to read. They must be concise. All our resumes are a breeze to edit and they are also able to be customized to your liking. It is possible to say thats quite opposite of functional resumes that are very traditional. Resume templates exist to create your life simpler. A good resume template word will help you do so. 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Writing Resume Professional Tips & Guide

Writing Resume Professional Tips & Guide The Writing Resume Professional Chronicles If you dont already have a professional looking email address an absolutely free one may be gotten at Yahoo or Gmail. Offering free resume reviews is one method to discover clients. Additional info to be obtained from the customer is detailed below. Below, you will discover a list of resume examples that could aid you with your work search. Although there are wonderful resources of resume templates over the web, they dont guarantee the invention of a powerful resume. Resume writing ought to be carried out as a way to sell yourself in market. The process of producing a professional resume has come to be a whole lot more detailed. The resume professional are going to be able to aid you in getting your resume through the software procedure, so its actually seen by an actual individual. Getting the Best Writing Resume Professional It is of the utmost importance to have a crystal clear ide a about what the resume needs to include before getting started in order to produce the very best professional resume to catch the interest of hiring managers. If youre attempting to acquire work in accounting or finance you require averystrong resume. A good deal of HR professionals utilize candidate screening software that look for particular keywords about the job. Accordingly, as a way to guard yourself, here are a few important ideas to help you move forward in selecting your new career professional. Writing Resume Professional Explained Keywords In Resume Writing Effective resume writing needs to be done in a means that enables you to stick out from the crowd. Writing your resume is no simple job. Writing a strong application is a difficult procedure and we would like to make it simpler. The War Against Writing Resume Professional Understanding how to tailor your resume will obviously provide you an advantage. Resume objectives can be a little controversial. Career objectives are most useful for people targeting one specific position, since they let the applicant to directly deal with requirements of the business and show how they are going to fit in the workforce. The Secret to Writing Resume Professional Based on your degree of experience and the jobs youre applying for, what you decide to concentrate on in your resume summary might vary. You would like your career to visit the next level. Possessing a very clear and professional resume is essential in the health care field. If youre asking for a job which has unique requirements, you might need another edition of your resume to completely demonstrate your qualifications. A Secret Weapon for Writing Resume Professional You cant always assist with your childs assignments and individual problems if youre always doing some important company endeavor. Theres a great deal of work ahead of you, but you are able to do it. Maintain the expert attitude and adhere to the expert etiquette for writing a professional resume. Reasons to acquire help... If you dont have the skill set to compose a winning resume, then getting the aid of professional writers is a superb idea. A strong summary statement at the peak of your resume can increase the probability of them noticing what youve got to offer from the beginning. For instance, you may require a resume summary or a resume objective, but you ought not incorporate both. You ought to make sure your resume summary statement concisely demonstrates why youre a perfect candidate for the particular job and business. 1 A resume summary is a brief, snappy introduction paragraph that offers a summary of your very best work.